İNGİLİZCE KOÇUM

The Past Perfect Tense  By the time we got to the airport, the plane had already left. The past perfect tense is used to describe actions that were completed before another point in the past. It helps clarify the sequence of events, especially when the order isn't immediately clear. How to Form the Past Perfect Tense The past perfect tense is formed using the auxiliary verb " had " followed by the past participle of the main verb. Here is the structure: Subject + had + past participle Examples : - I had finished my homework before dinner. - She had left the office when the storm started. - They had read the book before the movie was released. When to Use the Past Perfect Tense 1. To Show Completed Actions Before Another Past Action:    The past perfect is often used to indicate that an action was completed before another action took place.    - Example : By the time he arrived, we had already eaten. 2. To Describe a Condition in the Past:    It is u...

  The Stolen Bicycle   William: Hey, Henry! I heard about your bike. That's terrible! How did it happen? Henry: Yeah, it's a ___1___. I had left it locked outside the cafe while I was ___2___ a coffee. When I came out, it was gone.  William: Oh no, was it parked there for a long time? Henry: Not really, maybe 20 minutes? I did have a cable ___3___ on it, but I guess someone ______ to cut through it. William: That's awful. Did you report it to the police? Henry: Yeah, I had filed a report yesterday. I also let the cafe ___4___ know in case they spot anything on their security cameras. William: Good thinking. It's ___5___ checking out local online marketplaces too—sometimes stolen bikes show up for sale there. Henry: That's a good idea. I'll start looking there. And maybe I'll post about it in some local ___6___ or groups as well. William: Definitely. Let me know if you need help with anything. I can keep an eye out for any ___7___ listings too. Henry: Thanks,...

THEME 4 - TRADITIONS   Listening  14 John : Look at these old photos, Zeynep! Zeynep: What photos? John : Türkiye photos many years ago! Zeynep: Oh, people used to live in small mud brick houses. We now live in modern buildings. John : Did they use to wear traditional costumes? Zeynep: Yes, they did. Most Turkish people wear modern clothes now. Only in some villages and ceremonies people wear traditional clothes. Look at this John! It is a shadow theatre. People used to watch shadow plays in the past. It was a popular entertainment. John : Oh, I know it! That is Karagöz. What else did they use to do for entertainment? Zeynep: They used to watch puppet shows, meddah, orta oyunu, etc.”Orta oyunu” is a Turkish folk theatre. People performed it in the open air. John : Oh, this is a photo of an old coffee house. Zeynep: People did not use to have TVs or personal computers then, so they came together in coffee houses. You know most men go to coffee houses to chat and talk about t...

  Getting to know each other A) Listen to the conversation and complete it with the missing words  - Ana: Hi, I’m Ana. I study English.   - Tom: Nice to meet you, Ana. I’m Tom.   - Ana: Where do you live, Tom?   - Tom: I live in New York. It’s a big city!   - Ana: Yes, I want to see New York one day.   - Tom: You should! There are so many things to do. What do you like to do for ___1___?   - Ana: I love visiting art museums and trying new foods. How about you?   - Tom: I enjoy going to concerts and ___2___ different neighborhoods. There’s always something happening in New York.   - Ana: That sounds exciting! Have you lived in New York all your life?   - Tom: Yes, I have. But I’ve traveled to ___3___ countries. How about you? Have you traveled much?   - Ana: I’ve visited a few places in Europe. I’d love to travel more in the future.   - Tom: Traveling is great for ___4_...

Listening Test A) Listen to the conversation and complete it with the missing words  Student 1: Hey, it's finally Friday! How was your week? Student 2: I'm so glad it's Friday. The past week has been ________. I had three tests and an essay due. How about you? Student 1: Pretty ________! I had a project for history and a math quiz, and there was the school play ________ every evening. But at least the weekend is here now. How did your tests go? Student 2: I think they went okay. The biology test was ________ than I expected, though. I'm just hoping I didn't ________ up too badly. What about your project? Student 1: It went well, I think. We ________ on Thursday, and our teacher seemed pleased. I'm looking ________ to hearing the feedback next week. Are you doing anything fun this weekend? Student 2: I'm planning to just relax for a bit. Maybe ________ up on some shows. I also have a family dinner on Sunday. What about you? Student 1: Sounds nice! I’m ...

Writing Exercise: Fill in the Gaps in the Story Instructions: Read the story below. Some words are missing. Fill in the gaps using the words in the box. Make sure to use the past simple or past continuous tense.  Words to use: - walk - hear - tell - beat - find - get - sing - run - look - want - be - enter - see The Mysterious Forest Last Saturday, I (1) __________ into a mysterious forest. The sun (2) __________ high in the sky, and the birds (3) __________ sweetly. As I (4) __________ down the path, I suddenly (5) __________ a strange noise. I (6) __________ scared, so I (7) __________ faster. While I (8) __________, I (9) __________ an old, broken house. I decided to (10) __________ inside. The door (11) __________ creaky, and when I opened it, I (12) __________ a dark room. I (13) __________ for a light, but I couldn't see anything. Just then, I (14) __________ something moving in the corner! My heart (15) __________ fast. I (16) __________ to run out of the house, but I trippe...

Debate "Students should be allowed to use cellphones in the classroom." Characters: - Ava (Pro): Believes students should be allowed to use cellphones in class. - Leo (Con): Believes students should not be allowed to use cellphones in class. Ava (Pro Position): Hi Leo! I think students should be allowed to use cellphones in the classroom. They can help us learn more. Leo (Con Position): Hi Ava! I disagree. I think cellphones can be very distracting in class. Students might use them to text or play games instead of paying attention. Ava : That’s true, but if we use them properly, cell phones can help us find information quickly. For example, if we need to look up a word or a fact, we can do it in seconds! Leo : Yes, but students might not use them for learning. They might be more interested in social media or videos instead. That can take away from our lessons. Ava : I understand that. But teachers can make rules about when and how we can use our phones. For example, we ca...

 UNIT 3 3.1 3.5 UNIT 4 4.1 Conversation 1: Jack: Hi, Sue. Sue: Hi, Jack. Jack: When did you come back from holiday? Sue: Just a few days ago. Jack: Where were you? When I last saw you, you were trying to make a choice with your parents. Sue: Yes. At first, we couldn’t decide where to go. There were 3 options. Mum wanted to go to Japan, while dad preferred travelling to Spain. And the third option was Egypt. After we had done some research on the Net, we made up our minds. When my parents saw the pictures of Egypt, they decided to go there. Jack: Did you enjoy yourselves there? Sue: Yes, we did. We loved Egypt. It was terrific. Jack: Really? Sue: Yes. We had the time of our lives there. I think you should definitely see Egypt. Jack: Why not? Conversation 2: Britney: Hello, Matt. Matt: Hi, Britney. Britney: What’s up? You look upset. Have you failed the final exam? Matt: No. Britney: What’s the matter, then? Matt: I was at the post office an hour ago. I stayed inside for about 10 min...

"Being an early bird is better than being a night owl." Emma : Hi Lucas! I think being an early bird is definitely better. Waking up early gives you a head start on the day, and you can get a lot more done with that extra time in the morning. Lucas : Hey Emma! I understand, but I prefer being a night owl. The quiet late at night is perfect for focusing, and I feel more creative after the sun goes down. Emma : I see your point, but in the morning, everything is fresh. You can enjoy the sunrise and start your day calm and relaxed before everyone else gets busy. Plus, it’s easier to have a consistent routine. Lucas : That’s true, but nighttime has its perks too. There are fewer distractions, so it’s easier to concentrate on reading, writing, or playing games. It’s like having your special quiet time. Emma : Waking up early helps you align with most of the world’s schedule. Many businesses and schools run on early schedules, so it’s easier to get appointments and errands done. Lu...

Adventure Story Starter: It was a sunny Saturday morning when Mia and her best friend Tom decided to explore the old forest near their town. They had heard many stories about the forest, but their curiosity pushed them to see it for themselves.  While they were walking deeper into the trees, they found a small path that led to a sparkling stream. They looked at each other with excitement and said, “Let’s see what’s at the stream!” Suddenly, they heard a strange rustling sound coming from behind the bushes. “What was that?” whispered Tom, feeling a little scared. Mia took a deep breath and replied, “I think we should sneak closer. It might be something interesting!”  As they were creeping forward, they spotted a small creature with bright blue feathers. Just then, the creature flew into the air, and they noticed a mysterious box lying nearby.  “What do you think is inside?” Mia asked, her eyes wide with wonder. Before they could decide whether to investigate the box, they ...

Writing an Anecdote; Sharing a Personal Story The following stories illustrate how the simple past and the past continuous tenses are used when writing a personal story. Study them and write your own anecdotes  Story 1 Last summer, I had an amazing adventure. One day, I was hiking in the mountains with my friends. The sun was shining, and we were enjoying the beautiful view. While we were walking along the trail, we heard a strange sound coming from the bushes. We stopped to listen. Suddenly, a rabbit jumped out! It was small and very cute. We all laughed and took pictures because we were so surprised. While we were watching the rabbit, a couple of hikers passed by. They were looking at us and smiling because it was a funny moment. After a while, the rabbit ran away into the woods. We continued our hike, and the trail started to get steeper. Everyone was talking about how exciting it was to see the rabbit, and we felt happy. While we were climbing higher, we decided to take a break...

The Fox and the Grapes  Complete the story by using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets  Once upon a time, a hungry fox ______ (wander) through a sunny forest and ____ (spot) a bunch of juicy grapes hanging from a high vine. "Oh, those grapes look so good!" he ____ (say) to himself. Determined, the fox ____ (decide) to jump and reach them. He ____ (take) a few steps back to get a running start, then ____ (leap) into the air. **Thud!** He ____ (land) on the ground, missing the grapes. "That was just a practice jump," he ____ (tell) himself, so he ____ (try) again. **Thud!** Again, he ____ (fail) to reach them. After many attempts, the exhausted fox ____ (sit) down under the vine. “Why can’t I get those grapes?” he ____ (wonder). Finally, he ____ (look) up at the grapes and ____ (say), “Maybe they are sour and not worth my trouble.” Feeling better, he ____ (stand) up and ____ (shake) off the dirt. “I don’t need those grapes to be happy!” With that, the fox ____...

 E11.1.R2. Students will be able to find the main idea of a text on successful entrepreneurs of the 21st century.  E11.2.R1. Students will be able to identify lexis and expressions related to past abilities in a text. E11.2.R2. Students will be able to paraphrase information in a text about people’s choices. 1 E11.2.W1. Students will be able to write a paragraph about their interests and abilities. My name is David, and I am an office worker. In my free time, I often __1__ to go for long walks in the park because I enjoy __2__ in nature. I like to relax and __3__ my mind. Sometimes, I would __4__ stay at home and cook a nice meal than eat out. Cooking is a hobby I __5__ love. I also enjoy reading mystery novels, but I __6__ to read them in the evening when it is __7__. On weekends, I usually like to go cycling, but I __8__ choose to join friends for a game of soccer if they __9__ me. __10__, I enjoy having different ways to spend my free time.

Tutorial on "Used To" **"Used to"** is a phrase in English that we use to talk about habits, behaviors, or states in the past that no longer happen in the present. It's a way to indicate that something was regular or true before but has changed over time. Structure of "Used To" 1. **Affirmative Form**:     - Subject + used to + base form of the verb    - Example: *I used to play the piano.* 2. **Negative Form**:     - Subject + didn’t use to + base form of the verb    - Example: *She didn’t use to like coffee.* (Note: "didn't" requires the base form "like" without the "d".) 3. **Interrogative Form**:     - Did + subject + use to + base form of the verb?    - Example: *Did they use to live in New York?* When to Use "Used To" **1. Past Habits or Routines:**    - "Used to" indicates habits or actions that were common in the past.    - Example: *When I was a child, I used to ride my bike every day...

Tutorial on Simple Past Tense and Past Continuous Tenses Understanding "Was" and "Were" **"Was"** and **"were"** are the past forms of the verb "to be." We use them to describe states or actions that occurred in the past. - **Use "was"** for:   - Singular subjects: I, he, she, it     - Example: *He was at the party last night.* Negative: He wasn't at the party last night. Question: Was he at the party last night?      - **Use "were"** for:   - Plural subjects: you, we, they     - Example: *They were happy to see each other.* Negative: They weren't happy to see each other. Question: Were happy to see each other? Talking About Finished Actions in the Past In English, to talk about finished actions that happened in the past, we use the **simple past tense**. Here’s how to form it: - **Regular Verbs**: Add -ed to the base form.     - Example: *play* → *played*      - Sentence: *She played soccer yesterday.* Negat...