İNGİLİZCE KOÇUM

Santa Claus and Christmas Christmas is a special time of year. It is celebrated on December 25th. People all around the world enjoy this holiday. One important figure during Christmas is Santa Claus. Santa Claus is a jolly man with a big belly and a white beard. He wears a red suit with a black belt. Many children believe that Santa comes from the North Pole. He lives there with his wife, Mrs. Claus, and many elves. The elves help Santa make toys for children. On Christmas Eve, Santa rides a sleigh pulled by reindeer. He visits homes at night while children are sleeping. He comes down the chimney and leaves presents under the Christmas tree. Children hang stockings by the fireplace for Santa to fill with gifts and candy. Before Christmas, many families decorate their homes with lights and ornaments. They also sing Christmas carols and spend time together. Some people send cards to their friends and family. It is a time of joy, love, and kindness. On Christmas Day, families gather to sh...

THEME 4 - TRADITIONS   Listening  14 John : Look at these old photos, Zeynep! Zeynep: What photos? John : Türkiye photos many years ago! Zeynep: Oh, people used to live in small mud brick houses. We now live in modern buildings. John : Did they use to wear traditional costumes? Zeynep: Yes, they did. Most Turkish people wear modern clothes now. Only in some villages and ceremonies people wear traditional clothes. Look at this John! It is a shadow theatre. People used to watch shadow plays in the past. It was a popular entertainment. John : Oh, I know it! That is Karagöz. What else did they use to do for entertainment? Zeynep: They used to watch puppet shows, meddah, orta oyunu, etc.”Orta oyunu” is a Turkish folk theatre. People performed it in the open air. John : Oh, this is a photo of an old coffee house. Zeynep: People did not use to have TVs or personal computers then, so they came together in coffee houses. You know most men go to coffee houses to chat and talk about t...

Life in the Past  One hundred years ago, life was very different from today. People did not have the internet, computers, or smartphones. They traveled by horse, bicycle, or by walking. Cars were rare and only a few people had them. Most families lived in small houses with one or two rooms. There were no big supermarkets, so people bought food from small local shops or grew it themselves in their gardens. Cooking was done on wood stoves, and there were no microwaves or electric ovens. Children often played outside with simple toys like balls and dolls. They went to school, but the classrooms were smaller and they used chalkboards instead of electronic devices. Electricity was not common everywhere, especially in the countryside. Many houses used candles or oil lamps for light. Water had to be pumped from wells, and there were no washing machines or dishwashers. People worked hard, often doing manual labor. There were farmers, blacksmiths, and factory workers. Weekends were time for...

Restaurant Dialogues  Dialogue 1 Waiter : Hello! Welcome to our restaurant. How can I help you today? Customer : Hi! Can I see the menu, please? Waiter : Of course! Here is the menu. Customer : Thank you. What do you recommend? Waiter : Our chicken sandwich is very popular. Would you like to try it? Customer : That sounds good. I’ll have the chicken sandwich. Waiter : Great choice! Would you like a drink with that? Customer : Yes, I’ll have a glass of water, please. Waiter : Sure. One chicken sandwich and a glass of water. Is there anything else? Customer : No, that’s all. Thank you. Waiter : You’re welcome. I’ll bring your order shortly. Customer : Thank you! Dialogue 2 Waiter : Hi there! Welcome. How can I help you today? Customer : Hello! Can I have the menu, please? Waiter : Sure, here it is. Customer : Thank you. What is your special dish today? Waiter : Today’s special is spaghetti. Would you like to try it? Customer : Yes, I’ll have the spaghetti. Waiter : Great choice! Woul...

Metallica Metallica Metallica is an American heavy metal band formed in Los Angeles, California, in 1981. The band was founded by drummer Lars Ulrich and guitarist/vocalist James Hetfield and has been based in San Francisco for most of its career. Metallica's fast tempos, instrumentals, and aggressive musicianship made them one of the founding "big four" bands of thrash metal, alongside Megadeth, Anthrax, and Slayer. Here are a few key points about Metallica: Albums : Some of their most influential and commercially successful albums include "Kill 'Em All" (1983), "Ride the Lightning" (1984), "Master of Puppets" (1986), "...And Justice for All" (1988), and the more mainstream "Metallica" (commonly referred to as The Black Album, released in 1991). Iconic Songs : Some of their most well-known songs are "Enter Sandman," "Nothing Els...

Share your views on the importance of learning a second language. Hello, everyone! Today, I want to talk about why learning a second language is so important. Imagine being able to speak, read, and understand words from another world. That's what it feels like when you learn a new language. Why it’s good for you:  First, learning another language is like discovering a new part of yourself. It makes you smarter, helps you solve problems better, and can even improve your memory. It’s also your ticket to understanding people from different cultures. By learning their language, you start to see the world the way they do, and that’s a beautiful thing. How it helps your career:  Secondly, knowing two languages makes you stand out when you’re looking for a job. Many companies work with people from different countries and they really value employees who can speak more than one language. It’s not just about talking—understanding another culture can help you in jobs like diplomacy, wher...

The Consequences of Wasting Energy Sources   Wasting energy sources can lead to several problems: 1. **Higher Costs**: When we use more energy than we need, it costs more money for families, businesses, and governments. 2. **Environmental Damage**: Wasting energy often means more pollution, which can hurt animals, plants, and our health. It can also make the Earth's climate change in dangerous ways. 3. **Running Out of Resources**: Many types of energy come from resources that can run out, like coal, oil, and natural gas. If we waste energy, these resources might not last as long as we need them to. 4. **Increased Dependence**: Relying too much on energy sources, especially those that can be used up, can make a country more dependent on importing energy from others, which might not always be reliable or safe. So, saving energy is important for saving money, protecting the environment, keeping our resources for a longer time, and making sure we have stable and safe energy sources.

Explore London: A City Full of Fun and History London is a big and exciting city on the River Thames. It has old buildings and new things to see and do. When you walk around, you can see different parts that each have their own feel. Famous Places and Kings and Queens Start your visit by seeing Big Ben and the Houses of Parliament, where the country's rules are made. Close by is a church called Westminster Abbey where kings and queens have their big ceremonies. Don't forget to watch the royal guards change at Buckingham Palace. This is a very traditional thing in London. Museums and Art There are many museums and art places in London. In the British Museum you can learn about people from long ago. Places like the Tate Modern and the National Gallery have many beautiful paintings. If you like plays, go to the West End to see actors perform on stage. Parks and Gardens London has a lot of pretty parks. Visit Hyde Park or Regent's Park to relax or play on the water in a boat. K...

The Value of Friendship As teenagers grow up, they face many changes. Going to high school, figuring out who they are, and planning for the future can feel like a lot to handle. But there is one thing that can make everything feel better: friendship. Friendships are very important for teenagers. They provide a sense of belonging and acceptance. Friends laugh and have fun together, share secrets, and support each other. Having good friends makes teenagers less stressed because they have people to talk to when they have problems. When teenagers have friends, they learn how to get along with others. They practice how to be kind, listen, and solve conflicts. These skills are very important for all parts of life, like work and family. Also, having friends means teenagers are less likely to feel lonely. Friends can encourage each other to do well in school or to try new activities. However, not all friendships are good. Teenagers should look for friends who treat them well and make them feel...