Present

The Verb "To Be"

The verb "to be" is one of the most important verbs in English. It has three present forms:

- **Am**: used with the subject "I."

- **Is**: used with singular subjects (he, she, it).

- **Are**: used with plural subjects (we, you, they) and with the pronoun "you."

Using "Am":

- **I am** happy.

- **I am** a teacher.

Using "Is":

- **He is** my brother.

- **She is** a doctor.

- **It is** a sunny day.

Using "Are":

- **We are** friends.

- **You are** my best friend.

- **They are** students.

Summary:

I am

He/She/It is

We/You/They are

I'm 

He's/ She's/It's 

We're/ You're/They're 

Exercises 

**Instructions:** Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb "to be" (am, is, are).

1. I ___ excited about the trip.

2. She ___ a great singer.

3. They ___ my neighbors.

4. He ___ very tall.

5. We ___ going to the park.

6. It ___ cold outside.

7. You ___ my inspiration.

8. The books ___ on the table.

9. I ___ ready to start.

10. Cats ___ playful animals.

Answer Key:

1. am

2. is

3. are

4. is

5. are

6. is

7. are

8. are

9. am

10. are

Negative Sentences

To make negative sentences with the verb "to be," we add the word **"not"** after the verb.

- **Am** becomes **am not**:

  - I **am not** tired.

  - I **am not** a student.

- **Is** becomes **is not** (or the contraction **isn't**):

  - He **is not** at home.

  - She **isn't** a lawyer.

- **Are** becomes **are not** (or the contraction **aren't**):

  - They **are not** here.

  - We **aren't** friends.

Summary for Negatives:

- "I" + **am not**

- "He/She/It" + **is not/isn't**

- "We/You/They" + **are not/aren't**

Forming Questions

To form questions with the verb "to be," we invert the subject and the verb.

- **Am**:

  - **Am I** late?

- **Is**:

  - **Is he** your brother?

  - **Is she** happy?

  - **Is it** raining?

- **Are**:

  - **Are we** there yet?

  - **Are you** ready?

  - **Are they** coming?

Summary for Questions:

- **Am** + I...?

- **Is** + he/she/it...?

- **Are** + we/you/they...?

Exercises

A. Rewrite the sentences in the negative form:

1. I am happy. 

2. She is a dancer. 

3. They are my friends. 

4. He is tall. 

5. We are in the meeting.

B. Form questions using the verb "to be":

1. (you) / tired?

2. (he) / a student?

3. (they) / ready?

4. (she) / at the party?

5. (we) / late?

C. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of "to be" (am, is, are) or its negative forms:

1. I ___ not going to the concert.

2. She ___ my sister.

3. They ___ not happy today.

4. It ___ cold in the morning.

5. He ___ not watching TV.

Answer Key

A. Negative Sentences:

1. I am not happy.

2. She is not a dancer.

3. They are not my friends.

4. He is not tall.

5. We are not in the meeting.

B. Questions:

1. Are you tired?

2. Is he a student?

3. Are they ready?

4. Is she at the party?

5. Are we late?

C. Fill in the Blanks:

1. am

2. is

3. are

4. is

5. is

Question Words with "Am," "Is," and "Are"

In English, we use question words to gather specific information. These question words include **who**, **what**, **where**, **when**, **why**, and **how**. Here’s how to use them with the present forms of the verb "to be."

1. Using "Am":

- **Who am I?**

    

2. Using "Is":

- **What is he?**

    

- **Where is she?**

    

- **How is it?**

  

3. Using "Are":

- **Who are you?**

    

- **What are they?**

    

- **Where are we?**

  

- **Why are you here?**

    

- **How are they?**

  

Summary for Question Words:

- Use **"who"** to ask about people.

- Use **"what"** to ask about things or identities.

- Use **"where"** to ask about places.

- Use **"when"** to ask about time.

- Use **"why"** to ask about reasons.

- Use **"how"** to inquire about states or conditions.

Exercises

A. Complete the questions using the appropriate question word:

1. ___ are you from?

2. ___ is your favorite color?

3. ___ is he at this hour?

4. ___ am I speaking to?

5. ___ are my friends?

6. ___ is your birthday?

7. ___ is the sky so blue?

B. Answer the questions using "am," "is," or "are":

1. Who ___ you?

2. What ___ she?

3. Where ___ they?

4. How ___ it going?

5. Why ___ you late?

C. Match the question to the appropriate form of "to be":

1. What is that?

2. Where are we?

3. Who are they?

4. How is your father?

a. We are in a museum.   

b. It is a cat.   

c. They are our neighbours.   

d. He is fine.

                 

Answer Key

A. 

1. Where are you from?

2. What is your favorite color?

3. Where is he at this hour?

4. Who am I speaking to?

5. Where are my friends?

6. When is your birthday?

7. Why does the sky look so blue?

B. 

1. Who are you?

2. What is she?

3. Where are they?

4. How is it going?

5. Why are you late?

C. Match the Questions:

1. What is that? → b. It is a cat.   

2. Where are we? → a. We are in a museum.   

3. Who are they? → c. They are our neighbours.   

4. How is he? → d. He is fine.   

Speaking 

Questions and Answers

1. What is your name?

   - My name is Alex.

2. How are you today?

   - I am great, thank you!

3. Where are you from?

   - I am from Los Angeles.

4. Who is your best friend?

   - My best friend is Sarah.

5. Are you a student?

   - Yes, I am a student at the local university.

6. What is your favorite hobby?

   - My favorite hobby is painting.

7. Are your parents here?

   - No, they are not here right now.

8. Is it sunny outside?

   - Yes, it is sunny today.

9. How old are you?

   - I am 25 years old.

10. What time is it right now?

    - It is 3 PM.

11. Who is your favorite actor?

    - My favorite actor is Leonardo DiCaprio.

12. Where is your favorite place to visit?

    - My favorite place to visit is the beach.

13. Is your phone charged?

    - Yes, it is fully charged now.

14. Is there a supermarket nearby?

    - Yes, there is one just around the corner.

15. What is your favorite food?

    - My favorite food is Italian pasta.

16. Is learning new languages easy for you?

    - No, it is not easy, but I find it fun!

Reading 

First Meeting

Emily: Hi! I am Emily. What is your name?

Jake: Hello! I am Jake.

Emily: Nice to meet you, Jake. Are you new here?

Jake: Yes, I am new. I am from another city. What about you? 

Emily: I am from this city. It is a nice place.

Jake: That is good to hear! How are you today?

Emily: I am good, thank you! How are you?

Jake: I am happy to be here. Are you enjoying the weather?

Emily: Yes, I am! The sun is shining. 

Jake: That is nice. What is your favorite food?

Emily: My favorite food is pizza. What about you?

Jake: I like sushi. Is there a good restaurant here?

Emily: Yes, there is a great sushi restaurant nearby. 

Jake: That sounds amazing! Do you often go there?

Emily: Sometimes I go there with friends. 

Jake: I would like to join you next time!

Emily: That is a good idea! Let’s go together!

Jake: Yes, let’s do it! It is nice to meet you, Emily.

Emily: Nice to meet you too, Jake!

Reading Comprehension Questions

1. What is the girl's name?

2. What is the boy's name?

   

3. Is Jake new to the city?

   

4. Where is Emily from?

5. How does Emily feel today?

   

6. What is Jake’s favorite food?

   

7. What is Emily's favorite food?

   

8. Is there a good sushi restaurant nearby?

9. Does Emily go to the sushi restaurant often?

  

10. What do Emily and Jake plan to do together in the future?

Fill in the Blanks

Complete the conversation by filling in the blanks with the correct words.

Emily: Hi! I am Emily. What ___ your name?

Jake: Hello! I'm Jake.

Emily: Nice to meet you, Jake. ___ you new here?

Jake: Yes, I __ new. I am ___ another city. What ___ you? 

Emily: I am from ___ city. It is ___ nice place.

Jake: ___ is good to hear! ___ are you today?

Emily: I'm good, thank you! How ___ you?

Jake: I'm happy to ___ here. ___ you enjoying ___ weather?

Emily: Yes, I ___! The sun ___ shining. 

Jake: That is nice. ___ is your favorite food?

Emily: My favorite food __ pizza. What about you?

Jake: I like sushi. ___ there a good restaurant here?

Emily: Yes, ___ is a great sushi restaurant nearby. 

Jake: That sounds amazing! ___ you going there often?

Emily: Sometimes I go there ___ friends. 

Jake: I ___ like to join you next time!

Emily: That is a ___ idea! Let’s go ___ together!

Jake: Yes, ___ do it! It is nice to meet you, Emily.

Emily: Nice to meet you ___, Jake!

Reading: A Day in the Life of Mia

Mia is a teenager. She is fifteen years old. She lives in a small town with her family. Mia is a student at the local high school. Her favorite subject is English. She enjoys reading books and writing stories. 

Every morning, Mia wakes up early. She is usually tired, but she is happy to start a new day. Mia’s school is close to her house. Her classes are interesting, and her teachers are kind. 

After school, Mia has a soccer practice. She is a good player. Her friends are on the team with her. They practice together and have fun. After practice, Mia goes home. 

In the evening, Mia helps her parents with dinner. They are a happy family. After dinner, Mia relaxes and watches TV or reads a book. She is excited about her weekend plans. Mia’s friends are coming over, and they are going to have a movie night. 

Mia is very busy, but she loves her life!

Exercises

A. True or False

Read the statements and write "True" or "False."

1. Mia is sixteen years old. _____  

2. Mia lives in a big city. _____  

3. English is Mia's favorite subject. _____  

4. Mia has soccer practice after school. _____  

5. Mia's family is not happy. _____  

B. Fill in the Blanks

Use the correct form of the verb "to be" (am, is, are) to complete the sentences.

1. Mia ___ a student.  

2. Her teachers ___ kind.  

3. Mia’s friends ___ on the soccer team.  

4. Mia ___ excited for the weekend.  

5. Mia and her family ___ very happy.  

C. Answer the Questions

Answer the questions in complete sentences.

1. How old is Mia?  

2. What is her favorite subject?  

3. What does Mia do after school?  

4. Who is coming over to Mia’s house?  

5. How does Mia feel about her life?  

Answer Key

A. True or False

1. False  

2. False  

3. True  

4. True  

5. False  

B. Fill in the Blanks

1. is  

2. are  

3. are  

4. is  

5. are  

C. Answer the Questions

1. Mia is fifteen years old.  

2. Her favorite subject is English.  

3. Mia has soccer practice after school.  

4. Mia's friends are coming over.  

5. Mia feels excited and loves her life.

Writing 

Objective: Practice writing sentences using the present forms of the verb "to be" (am, is, are).

Instructions:

Personal Information

Write five sentences about yourself. Use "am," "is," or "are" in each sentence.

Example:

I am a student.

My name is Sarah.

Now, write your sentences:

 ____________________________________

____________________________________

____________________________________

____________________________________

____________________________________

 

 

Family and Friends

Write three sentences about your family or friends. Use "is" or "are" in your sentences.

Example:

My brother is funny.

My friends are nice.

Now, write your sentences:

____________________________________

____________________________________

____________________________________

The Present Continuous Tense

What is the Present Continuous Tense?

The present continuous tense, also known as the present progressive tense, is used to describe actions that are happening at the moment of speaking or are ongoing. It's also used for plans and arrangements in the near future.

Structure of the Present Continuous Tense

The present continuous tense is formed using the verb **"to be"** in the present simple (am, is, are) + the base form of the main verb + the suffix **-ing**.

**Formula:**

- **Subject + am/is/are + Verb-ing**

Examples:

- I **am reading** a book.

- She **is watching** a movie.

- They **are playing** soccer.

Uses of the Present Continuous Tense

1. **Current Actions:** To describe actions happening at the moment of speaking.

   - Example: He **is studying** for his exam right now.

2. **Temporary Actions:** To indicate actions that are ongoing but not permanent.

   - Example: I **am living** in New York for the summer.

3. **Future Arrangements:** To express a planned future activity.

   - Example: We **are meeting** friends for dinner tomorrow.

4. **Changing Situations:** To describe situations that are developing or changing.

   - Example: The weather **is getting** colder.

Forming Negative Statements

To make negative statements in the present continuous tense, you simply add **"not"** after the verb "to be."

**Formula:**

- **Subject + am/is/are + not + Verb-ing**

**Examples:**

- I **am not going** to the party.

- She **is not eating** lunch.

- They **are not playing** video games.

Forming Questions

To form questions in the present continuous tense, invert the subject and the verb "to be."

**Formula:** 

- **Am/Is/Are + Subject + Verb-ing?**

**Examples:**

- **Are** you **coming** to the meeting?

- **Is** he **working** late tonight?

- **Am** I **interrupting** you?

Exercises

Fill in the Blanks

1. She ______ (to read) a book right now.

2. They ______ (not/to play) in the park today.

3. I ______ (to be) late for work this week.

4. We ______ (to have) dinner later.

5. ______ you ______ (to watch) TV right now?

Answer Key (Exercises)

1. is reading

2. are not playing

3. am being

4. are having

5. Are, watching

Quiz

Multiple Choice

1. Which sentence is correct?

   a) I am write a letter.  

   b) I am writing a letter.  

   c) I am wrote a letter.  

2. What is the negative form of "They are playing outside"?

   a) They are not play outside.  

   b) They not are playing outside.  

   c) They are not playing outside.  

3. Choose the future arrangement sentence:

   a) She is studying English now.  

   b) We are visiting grandma next weekend.  

   c) He is running in the park.

Answer Key (Quiz)

1. b) I am writing a letter.

2. c) They are not playing outside.

3. b) We are visiting grandma next weekend.

Test

**Instructions:** Complete the following test to assess your understanding of the present continuous tense. Answer all questions to the best of your ability.

Part 1: Fill in the Blanks

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in parentheses in the present continuous tense.

1. I ______ (to study) for my exams.

2. She ______ (not/to play) tennis today.

3. They ______ (to watch) a new movie tonight.

4. We ______ (to have) lunch right now.

5. The children ______ (to go) to the playground.

---

Part 2: Negative Sentences

Rewrite the following sentences in the negative form of the present continuous tense.

6. He is eating breakfast.

   - ___________________________________

7. They are working on the project.

   - ___________________________________

8. I am reading a book.

   - ___________________________________

9. She is taking a nap.

   - ___________________________________

10. We are playing soccer.

   - ___________________________________

---

Part 3: Questions

Transform the following statements into questions using the present continuous tense.

11. She is studying for her tests.

   - ___________________________________

12. They are going to the concert.

   - ___________________________________

13. You are listening to music.

   - ___________________________________

14. He is fixing his bicycle.

   - ___________________________________

15. We are cleaning the house.

   - ___________________________________

---

Part 4: Multiple Choice

Choose the correct answer for each question.

16. Which sentence is correct?

   a) I am swim in the pool.  

   b) I am swimming in the pool.  

   c) I swim in the pool.  

17. What time is it? I ______ (to eat) dinner now.

   a) is eating  

   b) am eating  

   c) are eating  

18. She ______ (to talk) on the phone right now.

   a) is talking  

   b) are talking  

   c) am talking  

19. They ______ (not/to play) video games at the moment.

   a) is not playing  

   b) are not playing  

   c) am not playing  

20. The students ______ (to prepare) for the presentation.

   a) is preparing  

   b) are preparing  

   c) am preparing  

   

---

Part 5: Short Answer

Write a short answer (1-2 sentences) for the following prompts using the present continuous tense.

21. What are you doing right now?

   - ___________________________________________________________

22. Describe what your friends are doing this weekend. 

   - ___________________________________________________________

23. Talk about what your family is planning for next holiday.

   - ___________________________________________________________

---

Answer Key

1. am studying

2. is not playing

3. are watching

4. are having

5. are going

6. He is not eating breakfast.

7. They are not working on the project.

8. I am not reading a book.

9. She is not taking a nap.

10. We are not playing soccer.

11. Is she studying for her tests?

12. Are they going to the concert?

13. Are you listening to music?

14. Is he fixing his bicycle?

15. Are we cleaning the house?

16. b) I am swimming in the pool.

17. b) am eating

18. a) is talking

19. b) are not playing

20. b) are preparing

21. (Your answer will vary)

22. (Your answer will vary)

23. (Your answer will vary)

The Simple Present Tense 

What is the Simple Present Tense?

The simple present tense is used to describe habits, unchanging situations, general truths, and fixed arrangements. It is one of the most commonly used tenses in English. 

Structure of the Simple Present Tense

The structure of the simple present tense is straightforward:

**For most verbs:**

- **Positive Sentences:** Subject + base form of the verb (add **-s** or **-es** for third-person singular)

  

**Examples:**

- I play soccer.

- She plays soccer.

  

**Negative Sentences:** Subject + **do/does** + not + base form of the verb

**Examples:**

- I do not (don't) play soccer.

- She does not (doesn't) play soccer.

**Interrogative Sentences:** **Do/Does** + subject + base form of the verb?

**Examples:**

- Do you play soccer?

- Does she play soccer?

Spelling Rules for Third-Person Singular

1. **Add -es** for verbs ending in -sh, -ch, -ss, -x, or -o:

   - Finish → finishes

   - Watch → watches

2. **Change -y to -ies** for verbs ending in a consonant + y:

   - Study → studies

Uses of the Simple Present Tense

1. **Habitual Actions:** Describes habits or routines.

   - Example: He drinks coffee every morning.

2. **General Truths:** Expresses a general fact.

   - Example: The Earth orbits the Sun.

3. **Unchanging Situations:** Describes facts that are not expected to change.

   - Example: She lives in Paris.

4. **Fixed Arrangements (Timetables):** Indicates scheduled events.

   - Example: The train leaves at 6 PM.

5. **Instructions or Directions:** Used to give directions or recipes.

   - Example: You take a right turn at the intersection.

Exercises

Fill in the Blanks

1. She ______ (to read) every evening.

2. They ______ (not/to watch) TV on weekdays.

3. He ______ (to go) to the gym every Saturday.

4. We ______ (to have) lunch at noon every day.

5. ______ you ______ (to understand) the question?

Answer Key (Exercises)

1. reads

2. do not watch

3. goes

4. have

5. Do, understand

Quiz

Multiple Choice

1. Which sentence is correct?

   a) She eat breakfast every day.  

   b) She eats breakfast every day.  

   c) She eating breakfast every day.  

2. What is the negative form of "They walk to school"?

   a) They not walk to school.  

   b) They do not walk to school.  

   c) They does not walk to school.  

3. Choose the statement that reflects a general truth:

   a) Water boils at 100°C.  

   b) We are boiling water now.  

   c) They will boil water.

Answer Key (Quiz)

1. b) She eats breakfast every day.

2. b) They do not walk to school.

3. a) Water boils at 100°C.

Test

**Instructions:** Please complete each section of the test, ensuring you pay attention to the tasks and example formats. This examination will help you evaluate your understanding of the simple present tense.

Part 1: Fill in the Blanks

Use the correct form of the verb in parentheses to complete the sentences in the simple present tense.

1. She ______ (to visit) her grandparents every weekend.

2. The sun ______ (to rise) in the east.

3. We ______ (not/to have) school on Saturdays.

4. He ______ (to read) the newspaper every morning.

5. They ______ (to watch) a movie every Friday night.

---

Part 2: Negative Sentences

Rewrite these sentences in the negative form of the simple present tense.

6. Tom drives to work every day.

   - ___________________________________

7. The office opens at 8 AM.

   - ___________________________________

8. She likes spicy food.

   - ___________________________________

9. We play basketball on Sundays.

   - ___________________________________

10. He speaks three languages.

    - ___________________________________

---

Part 3: Questions

Transform the statements below into questions using the simple present tense.

11. You enjoy playing chess.

    - ___________________________________

12. The train leaves at 6 PM.

    - ___________________________________

13. She works at a hospital.

    - ___________________________________

14. They live in London.

    - ___________________________________

15. He writes novels.

    - ___________________________________

---

Part 4: Multiple Choice

Choose the correct option to complete each sentence.

16. Which sentence is correct?

    a) I drinks coffee every morning.  

    b) I drink coffee every morning.  

    c) I drinkings coffee every morning.  

17. Lisa ______ (to study) French at university.

    a) study  

    b) studies  

    c) studying  

18. Where ______ he ______ (to go) after school?

    a) do, go  

    b) is, going  

    c) does, go  

19. My brother ______ (not/to like) playing football.

    a) don't like  

    b) doesn't like  

    c) doesn't likes  

20. Elephants ______ (to live) in Africa and Asia.

    a) live  

    b) lives  

    c) living  

---

Part 5: Short Answer

Provide short answers using the simple present tense for the following prompts.

21. What do you do every morning before work?

   - ___________________________________________________________

22. Describe your weekend routine.

   - ___________________________________________________________

23. What are some of your hobbies?

   - ___________________________________________________________

---

Answer Key

1. visits

2. rises

3. do not have

4. reads

5. watch

6. Tom does not drive to work every day.

7. The office does not open at 8 AM.

8. She does not like spicy food.

9. We do not play basketball on Sundays.

10. He does not speak three languages.

11. Do you enjoy playing chess?

12. Does the train leave at 6 PM?

13. Does she work at a hospital?

14. Do they live in London?

15. Does he write novels?

16. b) I drink coffee every morning.

17. b) studies

18. c) does, go

19. b) doesn't like

20. a) live

21-23. (Answers will vary)

Frequency Adverbs

Frequency adverbs, as the name suggests, describe how often an action occurs. They are used extensively with the simple present tense to express routine actions or habits.

Common Frequency Adverbs

1. **Always** (100%)

2. **Usually** (about 80%)

3. **Often** (about 60%)

4. **Sometimes** (about 50%)

5. **Occasionally** (about 30%)

6. **Seldom** (about 20%)

7. **Rarely** (about 10%)

8. **Never** (0%)

Position of Frequency Adverbs

In sentences, frequency adverbs typically come before the main verb but after the verb 'to be.'

**Examples:**

- She **always** drinks coffee in the morning.

- We **usually** go for a walk after dinner.

- They are **never** late for meetings.

Using Frequency Adverbs with the Simple Present

Frequency adverbs help specify the regularity of actions in the simple present tense, thus clarifying the nature of these habitual actions.

**Examples:**

- I **often** read before bed.  

- He **sometimes** visits his grandparents.

- The train is **rarely** on time.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks

Fill in the blanks with the correct frequency adverb from the list: always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never.

1. Lisa _______ goes to the gym in the morning.

2. I _______ forget my keys before leaving.

3. We _______ eat breakfast together as a family on weekdays.

4. He is _______ late for class; he arrives on time.

5. They _______ watch movies on weekend nights.

6. Sarah _______ visits the museum; she loves art.

7. Tom _______ misses a football game; he's a huge fan.

Exercise 2: Sentence Transformation

Transform the following sentences by adding the given frequency adverbs in a grammatically correct manner.

1. (always) He drinks coffee in the afternoon.

   - ___________________________________________

2. (never) We eat junk food.

   - ___________________________________________

3. (sometimes) She reads a novel before bed.

   - ___________________________________________

4. (usually) They go to bed early.

   - ___________________________________________

5. (rarely) I play video games during the week.

   - ___________________________________________

Exercise 3: Create Your Own Sentences

Create sentences using the simple present tense and choose a suitable frequency adverb from the list. You don't have to use all adverbs.

1. ___________________________________________ (always)

2. ___________________________________________ (often)

3. ___________________________________________ (sometimes)

4. ___________________________________________ (rarely)

5. ___________________________________________ (never)

Answer Key

Exercise 1

1. usually

2. never

3. sometimes

4. never

5. often

6. often

7. rarely

Exercise 2

1. He always drinks coffee in the afternoon.

2. We never eat junk food.

3. She sometimes reads a novel before bed.

4. They usually go to bed early.

5. I rarely play video games during the week.

Exercise 3

(Answers will vary. Example answers:)

1. I always brush my teeth after meals.

2. We often take a walk after dinner.

3. She sometimes goes jogging in the park.

4. He rarely eats fast food.

5. They never smoke.

State Verbs

State verbs (or stative verbs) describe a state or condition rather than an action. They often relate to thoughts, emotions, possession, senses, and measurements.

Categories of State Verbs

1. **Emotions/Feelings:** love, hate, prefer, wish

   - I **love** chocolate.

   - She **hates** waking up early.

2. **Senses/Perceptions:** see, hear, smell, taste, sound

   - This soup **tastes** delicious.

   - The music **sounds** loud.

3. **Possession:** have, own, belong

   - They **have** a beautiful house.

   - The book **belongs** to me.

4. **Thoughts/Opinions:** know, believe, remember, understand, mean

   - I **know** the answer.

   - Do you **understand** the question?

5. **Measurements:** weigh, contain, cost

   - This ring **costs** a fortune.

   - The bag **weighs** five pounds.

Using State Verbs in the Simple Present

State verbs are often not used in the continuous form (*is knowing*, *are liking*) because they describe conditions that are stable or consistent.

**Examples:**

- She **knows** him well.

- It **seems** like a good idea.

Quiz

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks

Use the correct state verb form from the list: know, love, own, sound, belong, hate, believe.

1. I _______ chocolate cake; it’s my favorite dessert.

2. This pen _______ to Mark.

3. Everyone _______ that the Earth revolves around the sun.

4. She _______ to travel to new places; it excites her.

5. Do you _______ in ghosts?

6. The new song _______ amazing.

7. He _______ speaking in public.

Exercise 2: Sentence Correction

Some sentences below incorrectly use state verbs. Correct them where necessary.

1. She is knowing the answer to the question.

   - ___________________________________________

2. We are owning a new car.

   - ___________________________________________

3. The soup is tasting delicious.

   - ___________________________________________

4. I am believing in hard work and perseverance.

   - ___________________________________________

5. He seems happy today.

   - ___________________________________________

Exercise 3: Match the Columns

Match the state verbs on the left with the correct sentence ending on the right.

1. She prefers _______   

2. The book belongs _______  

3. They understand _______  

4. I think _______  

5. This cake tastes _______

A. to Alice.  

B. that the weather is nice today.  

C. reading books over watching TV.  

D. delicious.  

E. the concept clearly.

Exercise 4: Create Your Own Sentences

Write sentences using each of the following state verbs in the simple present tense: see, want, remember, own, seem.

1. ___________________________________________ (see)

2. ___________________________________________ (want)

3. ___________________________________________ (remember)

4. ___________________________________________ (own)

5. ___________________________________________ (seem)

Answer Key

Exercise 1

1. love

2. belongs

3. knows

4. loves

5. believe

6. sounds

7. hates

Exercise 2

1. She knows the answer to the question.

2. We own a new car.

3. The soup tastes delicious.

4. I believe in hard work and perseverance.

5. He seems happy today. (Correct as is)

Exercise 3

1. C - She prefers reading books over watching TV.

2. A - The book belongs to Alice.

3. E - They understand the concept clearly.

4. B - I think that the weather is nice today.

5. D - This cake tastes delicious.

Exercise 4

(Answers will vary. Example answers:)

1. I see a bird outside the window.

2. She wants a new bike for her birthday.

3. We remember our first vacation together.

4. He owns a beautiful painting collection.

5. You seem very cheerful today.

The simple present tense versus the present continuous tense 

Simple Present Tense

**Usage:**

1. **Habitual Actions:** Used to express routines or habits.

   - Examples: 

     - She **drinks** coffee every morning.

     - They **play** tennis on Saturdays.

2. **General Facts:** States facts or generalizations that are always true.

   - Examples: 

     - The sun **rises** in the east.

     - Water **boils** at 100°C.

3. **Scheduled Events:** Indicates fixed events or timetables.

   - Examples:

     - The train **leaves** at 6 PM.

     - The concert **starts** at 8 PM.

4. **Permanent Situations:** Used for situations that are generally long-lasting.

   - Examples:

     - He **lives** in New York.

     - They **work** at a bank.

**Structure:**

- **Affirmative:** Subject + base form of the verb (+ 's' or 'es' for third person singular)

  - He **likes** chocolate.

- **Negative:** Subject + do/does not + base form of the verb

  - She **does not play** football.

- **Interrogative:** Do/Does + subject + base form of the verb

  - **Does** he know the answer?

Present Continuous Tense

**Usage:**

1. **Actions Happening Now:** Describes actions taking place at the moment of speaking.

   - Examples:

     - She **is eating** breakfast now.

     - We **are watching** a movie.

2. **Temporary Situations:** Used for temporary actions or situations.

   - Examples:

     - I **am staying** with my friend for a week.

     - They **are taking** a course this semester.

3. **Future Plans:** Used to discuss planned future events.

   - Examples:

     - He **is meeting** a client tomorrow.

     - We **are leaving** for Paris next week.

4. **Changing Situations:** Highlights changes or developments.

   - Examples:

     - The climate **is getting** warmer.

     - Prices **are rising** rapidly.

**Structure:**

- **Affirmative:** Subject + am/is/are + verb+ing

  - She **is reading** a book.

- **Negative:** Subject + am/is/are not + verb+ing

  - They **are not coming** today.

- **Interrogative:** Am/Is/Are + subject + verb+ing

  - **Is** he working on the project?

Comparison

- **Duration and Stability:** The simple present tense is often associated with stable, long-term actions or routines, while the present continuous emphasizes ongoing, temporary, or evolving situations.

- **Specificity of Time:** Use the simple present for regular, repeated actions and the present continuous for actions occurring precisely at the moment or during a temporary period.

Examples:

- Simple Present: 

  - "She **goes** to school every day." (habitual action)

  - "The library **opens** at 9 AM." (schedule)

- Present Continuous:

  - "She **is going** to school right now." (currently happening)

  - "He **is writing** a book this year." (temporary or current project)

Test: Simple Present vs. Present Continuous

**Instructions:** Choose the correct form of the verb in parentheses to complete each sentence.

1. Every morning, she __________ (drink) a cup of green tea.

   a) drinks

   b) is drinking

2. Right now, the children __________ (play) in the park.

   a) play

   b) are playing

3. Sarah usually __________ (work) from home on Fridays.

   a) works

   b) is working

4. We __________ (plan) a surprise party for him at the moment.

   a) plan

   b) are planning

5. The train __________ (leave) at 10 PM.

   a) leaves

   b) is leaving

6. He __________ (read) a new book right now.

   a) reads

   b) is reading

7. Water __________ (boil) at 100°C.

   a) boils

   b) is boiling

8. Look! It __________ (snow) outside!

   a) snows

   b) is snowing

9. My brother __________ (not like) spicy food.

   a) does not like

   b) is not liking

10. This week, we __________ (stay) at a hotel downtown.

    a) stay

    b) are staying

11. She always __________ (forget) her keys.

    a) forgets

    b) is forgetting

12. They __________ (have) dinner together every Sunday.

    a) have

    b) are having

13. Right now, I __________ (listen) to my favorite song.

    a) listen

    b) am listening

14. Mark __________ (not go) to the gym very often.

    a) does not go

    b) is not going

15. At the moment, the chef __________ (prepare) a delicious meal.

    a) prepares

    b) is preparing

**Answer Key:**

1. a) drinks

2. b) are playing

3. a) works

4. b) are planning

5. a) leaves

6. b) is reading

7. a) boils

8. b) is snowing

9. a) does not like

10. b) are staying

11. a) forgets

12. a) have

13. b) am listening

14. a) does not go

15. b) is preparing

Fill-in-the-Blanks Exercise: Simple Present vs. Present Continuous

**Instructions:** Fill in each blank with the correct form of the verb in parentheses.

1. Every Saturday, I __________ (go) to the farmers' market.

2. Right now, she __________ (write) an email to her friend.

3. My parents __________ (travel) to Europe every summer.

4. They __________ (not watch) TV at the moment; they are studying.

5. The Earth __________ (revolve) around the sun.

6. Look! The dog __________ (chase) a squirrel in the yard!

7. He usually __________ (take) the bus to work, but today he __________ (ride) his bike.

8. We __________ (have) a meeting every Wednesday at 3 PM.

9. At this moment, the students __________ (prepare) for their final exams.

10. She always __________ (forget) to turn off the lights when she leaves the room.

11. I __________ (not like) coffee, but I __________ (drink) tea every morning.

12. The store __________ (open) at 9 AM and __________ (close) at 7 PM.

13. Right now, my brother __________ (play) video games instead of doing his homework.

14. My sister __________ (not enjoy) horror movies; she prefers comedies.

15. Every year, we __________ (visit) our grandparents during the holidays.

Answer Key:

1. go

2. is writing

3. travel

4. are not watching

5. revolves

6. is chasing

7. takes / is riding

8. have

9. are preparing

10. forgets

11. do not like / drink

12. opens / closes

13. is playing

14. does not enjoy

15. visit